Hemifacial Microsomia

Treated by Our Jaw Deformities Center & Craniofacial & Cleft Center

What is hemifacial microsomia?

Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face, most commonly the ears, the mouth and the lower jaw. It can occur on one or both sides of the face. In severe cases, this condition may obstruct the trachea (windpipe) and cause difficulties in breathing.

This is the most common facial birth defect after clefts, occurring in every 3,500 to 4,500 births.

What causes hemifacial microsomia?

It is thought that hemifacial microsomia is due to a vascular problem caused by a disturbance of the blood supply to the face, which restricts its development in the early stages of pregnancy.

The earlier the injury to the fetus, the greater the chance of extensive problems.

How is hemifacial microsomia treated?

Treatment is guided by the specific abnormalities found in each case, and often includes plastic repair of ear and facial malformations. Craniofacial surgery will be employed to create greater facial symmetry, which may involve realigning the lower and upper jaw, reconstructing the ear, establishing normal joint function and adding soft tissue where needed, among other procedures. Oral surgery will help normalize the alignment of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.

The possibility of hearing loss will be evaluated and appropriately treated, if present. In most cases, significant cardiac, ocular and vertebral anomalies can be excluded by history and physical examination. Renal and urinary tract anomalies can be evaluated by ultrasound for potentially treatable anomalies. Developmental delay is an indication for cerebral imaging.

In each case, our surgeons will develop a thorough, multi-part surgical plan for your child, which we go over with you in detail.

For more information, contact our Jaw Deformities Center & Craniofacial & Cleft Center.